nickel steel!

nickel steel

Comprehensive Analysis

1) "Nickel" -- As to nickel steel nick�el Variant(s): also nick�le /'ni-k&l/ Function: noun Etymology: probably from Swedish nickel, from German Kupfernickel niccolite (mineral containing nickel arsenide) probably from Kupfer copper + Nickel goblin; from the deceptive copper color of niccolite 1 : a silver-white hard malleable ductile metallic element capable of a high polish and resistant to corrosion that is used chiefly in alloys and as a catalyst -- see ELEMENT table 2 a (1) : the United States 5-cent piece regularly containing 25 percent nickel and 75 percent copper (2) : the Canadian 5-cent piece b : five cents 3 slang : a packet containing five dollars worth of an illicit drug (as marijuana) -- called also nickel bag 4 : a pass defense in football that employs five defensive backs Pronunciation Symbols 28 cobalt ← nickel → copper - ↑ Ni ↓ Pd General Name, Symbol, Number nickel, Ni, 28 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 4, d Appearance lustrous, metallic and silvery with a gold tinge Atomic mass 58.6934(2)  g·mol−1 Electron configuration [Ar] 4s2 3d8 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 16, 2 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r.t.) 8.908  g·cm−3 Liquid density at m.p. 7.81  g·cm−3 Melting point 1728 K (1455 °C, 2651 °F) Boiling point 3186 K (2913 °C, 5275 °F) Heat of fusion 17.48  kJ·mol−1 Heat of vaporization 377.5  kJ·mol−1 Heat capacity (25 °C) 26.07  J·mol−1·K−1 Vapor pressure P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T(K) 1783 1950 2154 2410 2741 3184 2) "Steel" -- As to nickel steel 1steel Pronunciation: 'stEl Function: noun Etymology: Middle English stele, from Old English style, stEle; akin to Old High German stahal steel and perhaps to Sanskrit stakati he resists 1 : commercial iron that contains carbon in any amount up to about 1.7 percent as an essential alloying constituent, is malleable when under suitable conditions, and is distinguished from cast iron by its malleability and lower carbon content 2 : an instrument or implement of or characteristically of steel: as a : a thrusting or cutting weapon b : an instrument (as a fluted round rod with a handle) for sharpening knives c : a piece of steel for striking sparks from flint 3 : a quality (as hardness of mind or spirit) that suggests steel <nerves of steel> 4 a : the steel manufacturing industry b plural : shares of stock in steel companies Pronunciation Symbols The steel cable of a colliery winding tower Steel is an alloy primarily composed of iron, with a carbon content between 0.02 % and 1.7 % by weight, depending on grade. Carbon is the most cost-effective alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are also used.[1] Carbon and other elements act as a hardening agent, preventing dislocations in the iron atom crystal lattice from sliding past one another. Varying the amount of alloying elements and their distribution in the steel controls qualities such as the hardness, elasticity, ductility, and tensile strength of the resulting steel. Steel with increased carbon content can be made harder and stronger than iron, but is also more brittle. The maximum solubility of carbon in iron is 1.7 % by weight, occurring at 1130 °C; higher concentrations of carbon or lower temperatures will produce cementite which will reduce the material's strength. Alloys with higher carbon content than this are known as cast iron because of their lower melting point.[1] Steel is also to be distinguished from wrought iron with little or no carbon, usually less than 0.035 %.[2] It is common today to talk about 'the iron and steel industry' as if it were a single thing; it is today, but historically they were separate products. Though steel had been produced by various inefficient methods long before the Renaissance, its use became more common after more efficient production methods were devised in the 17th century. With the invention of the Bessemer process in the mid-19th century, steel became a relatively inexpensive mass-produced good. Further refinements in the process, such as basic oxygen steelmaking, further lowered the cost of production while increasing the quality of the metal. Today, steel is one of the most common materials in the world and is a major component in buildings, tools, automobiles, and appliances. Modern steel is generally identified by various grades of steel defined by various standards organizations. <..." 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